While PKI has been feared by many as being inherently privacy invasive (see for example some of Roger Clarke's <a href="http://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/II/PKIMisFit.html" target="_blank">work</a>), much work has been done to either manage and design PKIs to be safe with regards to privacy (see e.g. Australian Government <a href="http://www.privacy.gov.au/publications/pki.rtf">PKI Privacy Guidelines</a>) or to proactively enhance privacy using PKI technology (e.g. <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/PLPR/1999/26.html" target="_blank">Privacy Positive Aspects of PKI</a>).